Grassland Evaluation Contest Study Guide	Sixth Edition: August 2009
Contest Score Cards
WILDLIFE HABITAT - Score Card Questions STUDENT I.D. NO. _____ STUDENT NAME ______________ SCORE: _____ Points: 100   This series of questions will be used to create the 20 questions on the back of the wildlife scorecard. Answers are located at the bottom of the page.   __________ 1. Remnant native prairies are located primarily in this part of Missouri: A. West-central & southwest B. Northeast & east C. East-central & southeast   __________ 2. Several species of wildlife use grasslands for: A. All of these B. Foraging C. Roosting D. Dusting E. Nesting   __________ 3. The maximum density or the upper limit of survival possible of a species that particular range or area is capable of supporting during a definite period of the year is referred to as: A. Carrying capacity B. Diversity C. Habitat D. Limit   __________ 4. Warm-season grasses should be cut for hay during this period: A. May to mid June B. Late June through early August C. Late June to early July D. August only   __________ 5. The transition zone or area between two or more diverse communities or habitat types is referred to as an ecotone, but more commonly called: A. Border B. Niche C. Edge D. Zone   __________ 6. Caution should be used when grazing in woodlands to avoid damaging tree growth and wildlife ground cover. A. True B. False   __________ 7. An organism or species that is not native to the region in which it is found A. Exothermic B. Endangered C. Endemic D. Exotic   __________ 8. Cool season grasses do most of their growing during the spring and fall. A. True B. False   __________ 9. The following is not a grass: A. Foxtail B. Yellow nutgrass C. Purple top D. Downy chess   __________ 10. Remnant native prairies considered to be in poor condition should not be fertilized, limed or have seed added. A. True B.False   __________ 11. A low growing, woody plant with several permanent stems arising from a common base. A. Forb B.Shrub C. Herb D. Grass   __________ 12. The parameter or limit in an animal’s habitat that outweighs all other in limiting productivity is called a: A. Succession B. Niche C. Limiting Factor D. Dominant Factor   __________ 13. Quail and rabbits prefer grasses that grow in clumps, rather than those that form dense sods. A. True B. False   __________ 14. Research has shown that rabbits and quail rarely move further than this distance between different habitat components. A. One-half mile B. One mile C. Two miles D. One-eighth mile   __________ 15. This type of grazing would be best for both livestock production and wildlife habitat: A. Patch burn grazing B. No grazing C. Continuous severe grazing D. Rotation grazing   __________ 16. Usually the most productive grazing practice for nesting wildlife is: A. Heavy B. Rotational C. Light to moderate D. Mob grazing   __________ 17. In wildlife management, a strip of herbaceous or woody vegetation, usually low growing and more than 30 feet in width, established along the edges of fields, woodlands, or streams. A. Degradation strip B. Interspersion area C. Indicator area D. Border   __________ 18. This plant is not a legume: A. Partridge pea B. Sunflower C. Lead plant D. Lespedeza   __________ 19. A plant that completes its life cycle in two years. A. Annual B. Seasonal C. Perennial D. Biennial   __________ 20. Which plant types are the dominant species in a grassland? A. Grasses, shrubs and legumes B. All plant species C. Grasses and forbs D. Woody plants, grasses, forbs, and legumes   __________ 21. Warm-season grasses should not be grazed closer to the ground than: A. 2 (two) inches B. 20 (twenty) inches C. 8 (eight) inches D. ½ (one half) inch   __________ 22. The peak of quality and quantity of warm-season grasses is in: A. April B. May C. July D. September   __________ 23. Burning a native prairie periodically under proper conditions benefits wildlife by: A. Making nests harder for predators to find B. Improving conditions for animal mobility C. Exposing bare areas for dusting D. Removing excess plant litter E. All of the above   __________ 24. Heavy grazing or excessive haying could cause undesirable plants to: A. Increase B. Decrease C. Completely Die Out   __________ 25. Proper management of a grassland may include: A. Haying B. Fertilizing C. Grazing D. Prescribed Fire E. Over-seeding F. All of these   __________ 26. Missouri has this many acres that are considered to be grasslands. A. 5 million B. 25 thousand C. 13 million   __________ 27. The stages through which an ecosystem passes from less complex to more complex, ie, from bare ground to an oak hickory forest in MO is called:. A. Niche B. Limiting Factor C. Dominant Factor D. Succession   __________ 28. The soil temperature at which warm-season grasses grow most efficiently is between (degrees F): A. 88 - 100oF B. 40- 78oF C. 55 - 90oF   __________ 29. The place where the animal lives; where all its requirements for life are fulfilled is referred to as its: A. Carrying Capacity B. Diversity C. Habitat D. Home   __________ 30. A cross section of an area used as a sample for recording, mapping, or studying vegetation. A. Indigenous sample B. Spot Sample C. Sward D. Transect   __________ 31. Any plant that by its presence, frequency, or vigor indicates any particular property of the site. A. Site specific plant B. Perennial C. Indicator plant D. Decreasers plant   __________ 32. The stages through which an organism passes during its existence. A. Life cycle B. Edge Effect C. Succession D. None of these   __________ 33. A plant that is capable of removing nitrogen from the air and adding it to the soil by way of its root system is called a: A. Sedge B. Legume C. Rush D. Grass   __________ 34. This plant is not a grass. A. Green Foxtail B. Birdsfoot trefoil C. Downy chess D. Sand Bur   __________ 35. Wildlife prefer grasses which: A. Form a dense sod with a high stem density at ground level B. Grow in less dense stands with upright leaves C. Have berries   __________ 36. Cool season grasses grow best during this time of year: A. Spring/fall B. Spring/summer C. Summer D. Summer/fall   __________ 37. A species (animal or plant) that is a part of the original fauna or flora of an area. A. Organism B. Predator C. Exotic species D. Native species   __________ 38. In a pasture rotation system, warm-season grasses are used to supplement cool-season grasses during the:. A. Summer B. Winter C. Fall D. Spring   __________ 39. Which plant type(s) will live for at least two (2) years?. A. Perennial and annual B. Biennial and Perennial C. Biennial and annual D. Perennial only   __________ 40. Relatively small, often isolated native grasslands that occur on hilltops and south facing slopes, where thin, dry soils and dry harsh desert like summer conditions harbor unique natural communities of plants and animals.. A. Glade B. Sward C. Savanna D. Desert Tundra   __________ 41. The land area that drains toward a natural surface water system.. A. Diversion terrace B. Water course C. Watershed   __________ 42. Cool-season grasses do not use soil nutrients as efficiently as native warm-season grasses and require somewhat high fertility and soil pH. A. False B. True   __________ 43. Cutting hay on native prairies during September will: A. Reduce the need for fertilizer B. Weaken the native grasses C. Improve wildlife habitat D. Increase hay production next year E. None of the above   __________ 44. Burning a warm-season grass pasture or hayfield should be: A. Done in October every three years. B. Prevented if at all possible. C. Done at specific times to benefit wildlife and increase forage production. D. Done in August every year.   __________ 45. Rabbits and quail use field edges where other habitat types are available rather than the centers of large fields. A. False B. True   __________ 46. In this group are the mid to tall grasses, and forbs that are most liked by grazing animals and repeated grazing may even destroy them. A. Increasers B. Biennial C. Decreasers D. Invaders   __________ 47. Which of the following functions are provided by well managed grasslands? A. Nesting cover B. Dusting cover C. Thermal cover D. vertical structure E. All of the above F. none of the above   __________ 48. What percentage of native grassland remains in Missouri? A. 5% B. 10% C. 1/2% D. 1%   __________ 49. Grassland wildlife prefer the following: A. Native prairie (warm season grasses and forbs) B. Non-native warm season grasses C. Endophyte infected fescue D. Well managed mixed cool season grasses and legumes E. A and D   __________ 50. All rotation grazing is poor for wildlife. A. True B. False   __________ 51. Which of the following is not a purpose for prescribed burning? A. woody plant control B. to focus grazing intensity C. increase forage D. improve wildlife habitat E. reduce litter F. none of the above   __________ 52. Which of the following is a fungus that infects fescue and makes it more unsuitable for livestock and wildlife? A. Neophyte B. Mildew C. Ergot D. Endophyte   __________ 53. Herbaceous cover that is burned in fall or spring will not be suitable for nesting cover until: A. Bare ground is completely eliminated B. The vegetation reaches vertical height adequate to conceal the nesting hen. C. The next growing season.   __________ 54. Which of the following has the best growth and structure characteristics for brood habitat: A. A mixed stand of annual forbs B. Closely grazed Caucasian Bluestem C. A recently disturbed field with ragweed and crotons D. An unburned stand of native grasses E. A or C   __________ 55. Which of the following is not a component of quality brood cover? A. Proximity to escape cover B. Continuous ground cover C. Bare ground D. Open structure of forbs   __________ 56. Which of the following is not a component of suitable escape cover? A. Heavy logs on the ground B. A thicket of brambles C. Thick, dense matted fescue D. downed tree tops   __________ 57. Native prairie may consist of warm season and cool season grasses, sedges, forbs, and some shrubby species. A. True B. False   __________ 58. Quail prefer to nest within 500' of an edge. A. True B. False   __________ 59. Livestock and wildlife can be compatible. A. True B. False   __________ 60. Herbaceous cover is used for: A. Food B. Nesting/ brood cover C. Roosting/ loafing D. All of the above   __________ 61. Fields with crop residues that have been tilled under in the fall provide: A. More food for wildlife B. Very little or no benefit to wildlife C. Adequate cover benefits for wildlife   __________ 62. A grass that does not form a dense sod, which is poor for wildlife, is: A. Caucasian bluestem B. Little bluestem C. Fescue D. Bermudagrass   __________ 63. The minimum recommended escape patch for quail and rabbits is:: A. 150 sq ' B. 15,000 sq ' C. 1500 sq' D. ¼ acre     Answers:   1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. C 22. C 23. E 24. A 25. F 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. C 47. E 48. C 49. F 50. B 51. F 52. D 53. B 54. E 55. B 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. D 61. B 62. B 63. C   Score Card Questions Revised: December 2009 Return to Grassland Evaluation Contest Study Guide