Green Horizons
Volume 19, Number 2
 Winter 2015



The Right Tree in the Right Place

By KIM YOUNG | Forrest Keeling Nursery
 WAYNE LOVELACE | Forrest Keeling Nursery

Pin Oak from seed of southern origin Pin Oak from seed of local origin

Differences in leaf emergence due to provenance. Photos taken April
15, 2015 in Elsberry, Mo., which is, on average, the last date for
frost in mid-Missouri. Left image, pin oak from seed of Southern
origin; at right, pin oak from seed of local origin.


You can take a seed out of the south, but can you take the south out
of the seed? To trees, there is something to that old saying "There is
no place like home". Within a seed is a plant's "internal clock," or
provenance. Provenance is the origin or the original source of the
seed. Provenance is coded by a plant's cycles of growth and
reproduction, which are influenced by climatic zones, temperature and
moisture zones.

This genetic coding dictates time of flowering, leafing, fruiting and
dormancy for the seedlings that will germinate from its seeds. When
planted outside of the mother plant's climatic zone, offspring may not
perform to full potential. Trees grown from seed collected from
Southern sources will inherit the clock of the parent tree, which bud
and leaf earlier than their Northern counter parts (see photos). Trees
grown from seed collected outside of a geographic area may perform
fine for many years, but when we experience an extreme weather event
(e.g., late spring frost, extreme low winter temperatures), these
trees are at high risk for damage and may not survive.

Trees in nature adapt to their specific climate and growing
conditions. Provenance is a long- term genetic code passed from
parents to offspring that is developed through generations of natural
selection. Critical traits such as plant hardiness, drought
resistance, and flood tolerance are all inherited from parent trees.
The gradual process of natural selection also encourages disease and
pest resistance in future generations of plants. Successful
establishment and development of healthy trees is dependent on a
tree's innate ability to adapt to environmental fluctuations and
extremes.

We have observed an increase in the number of planting projects
requiring native plants grown from local seed sources. Most projects
request plants grown within a geographic area of approximately 150
miles. Foresters prefer that seedlings for reforestation not be moved
more than one hardiness zone north or south of the native stand where
seed originated. It is also of importance to track seed from flood
plains and seed from upland sites. We recently observed seed collected
from two trees of Diospyros virginiana (Persimmon). The seed collected
from an upland area germinated three weeks earlier than seed collected
just one half mile away from a wetland area. Was the wetland source
waiting for likely spring floods to recede? As a general rule, a
wetland source will perform in an upland planting, but an upland
source may struggle in a flood plain planting.

Currently, there are few nurseries that consider provenance when
marketing trees. It is both time consuming and complicates inventory.
Tracking trees to their parent seed source is a common practice at
Forrest Keeling Nursery. Established seed orchards, which consist of
trees from numerous geographic areas, as well as upland and wetland
sources enable the nursery to provide trees with appropriate
provenance to their customers. Street trees, trees in parks and
landscapes are typically from unknown seed sources. It is important to
obtain seed from native stands to ensure its true geographic
provenance. Selecting the right tree will help ensure the long-term
success of your planting and investment.


********


Conservation Federation of Missouri:
 The voice for Missouri's great outdoors

By BRANDON BUTLER | Executive Director, Conservation Federation of
Missouri

As the first few rays of sunlight slid through the stand of giant oaks
to the east of my ground blind, the forest came alive around me. An
owl hoot triggered a turkey gobble. Squirrels began to chatter and
frolic. Deeper down the holler, a deer snorted. The purple flowers of
eastern redbuds began to stand out from the crowd.

I can't claim to know much about the science of forestry. I couldn't
even guess the financial value of a tree. Truthfully, I can't even
identify all the trees on my property. What I know, what I understand,
is the intrinsic value of a forest. The feeling of serenity found deep
inside the trees is alluring, and it draws me back as often as time
affords.

You surely know more about forestry than I do, but there's a good
chance I know more about catching trout on a dry fly than you do. You
see, we may not have the same primary passions that drive us to be
conservationists, but that's good. If we are to protect all of our
natural resources in Missouri, then we need individuals to support
their diverse specific interests.

Greater than the individual though, is the collective whole. Missouri
needs the individuals representing specific interests to be unified as
a collective, powerful voice fighting together for all of our natural
resources. The Conservation Federation of Missouri (CFM) has been
doing this since 1935.

CFM is the "Voice for Missouri Outdoors." We are a Federation in the
truest sense of the word. CFM is made up of over 80 affiliate
organizations that represent conservation interests as diverse as
forestry, wildlife, fisheries, air quality, water quality and more.
Our affiliates may not always agree on each specific issue, but
collectively the membership of CFM believes in the importance of
conserving our natural resources for the benefit of future
Missourians. We stand united behind this belief and strive to always
work towards our mission, which is: To ensure conservation of
Missouri's wildlife and natural resources, and preservation of our
state's rich outdoor heritage through advocacy, education and
partnerships.

Early members of CFM were instrumental in the creation of the
Conservation Commission, which you recognize today as the Missouri
Department of Conservation, and the passage of the one-eighth cent
Conservation Sales Tax. If Missourians shall continue to live in a
state with thriving forest, fish and wildlife resources, then today's
citizens must be engaged in the process of protecting our unique
system of authority from ongoing attempts of some who are determined
to undermine what most American conservationists refer to as the
greatest state conservation agency to ever exist.

From 1935 until today, Missourians have been working to restore and
conserve our state's natural resources and wildlife species. Missouri
has once more become a land rich in game and habitat. We only have
these resources because of the citizen conservationists who came
before us. They restored our natural resources. Now we must conserve
them for our children and our children's children. Please do your
part. If you're not already a member of the Conservation Federation of
Missouri, joining today would be a great start.

Membership is only $35 per year and joining online is a quick and
simple process. Simply visit www.confedmo.org/join



********


The role of the DNR: Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution in our
Missouri Water

ROBERT STOUT | Missouri DNR


Riparian Buffer

Photo courtesy of Dick Schultz, Iowa State


An agroforestry riparian buffer offers both financial gain and
ecosystem services.


The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (department) is the
agency in Missouri responsible for protecting Missouri's air, land and
water. The department's responsibility is to keep pollution out of
Missouri's water. We have made strides in reducing pollution from
permitted sources, but nonpoint source pollution offers significant
challenges.

When we hear the terms point source and nonpoint source pollution,
what do these terms mean? We call the wastewater that is discharged
from a facility, such as a sewage treatment plant or the discharge
from a power plant or industrial facility, point source pollution. It
is usually a regulated discharge from a treatment system that must
meet the conditions spelled out in a Missouri State Operating Permit.
Nonpoint source pollution, in contrast, is untreated pollution that
generally cannot be traced back to a single source. We rely on
voluntary efforts to address this type of pollution. Often, nonpoint
source pollution can be traced to multiple sources (both natural and
manmade) within a watershed, such as storm water runoff,
agricultural/land disturbance activities, or faulty septic systems. It
is critical that we understand that we collectively influence nonpoint
source pollution and what we can do about it.

Nonpoint source pollution is responsible for most of the water quality
impairments in the United States. Nonpoint source pollution occurs as
rainfall, snowmelt, or irrigation that runs over land or through the
ground and picks up pollutants such as nutrients, road salt, and
sediments. These pollutants are then deposited into rivers, lakes, and
coastal waters or introduced into ground water, resulting in
ecological impairments to aquatic ecosystems. Nonpoint source
pollution is widespread and associated with numerous activities,
including agriculture, forestry, grazing, septic systems, recreational
boating, urban runoff, and construction.

The department has begun to look at the problems of water pollution
through a watershed-based approach that we call Our Missouri Waters.
Watersheds are drainage basins. They are systems that are influenced
by the people who live and work in them. Pollution in a watershed
affects where we can fish and swim, how clean our drinking water is,
and whether we have sufficient clean water for agriculture and
industry. The department understands that our role is to provide
technical information, listen to our citizens input and priorities and
help provide solutions to address those priorities. Local
participation and partnerships are the keys to successfully addressing
these problems. When we understand the problems, we can identify the
resources and actions that can be taken to successfully address them.

There are many actions that can help reduce nonpoint source pollution:
•We can use best management practices in our work and home activities.
•We can install rain gardens and bioretention and infiltration basins
to reduce runoff.
•We can maintain riparian buffers to help filter pollutants and reduce
erosion.
•We can institute planned grazing and watering practices.
•We can create wetlands to capture and treat pollutants.
•We can follow good nutrient management strategies.

All of these activities can contribute to significant reductions of
sediment and nutrients.

The department has several programs that can provide technical and
financial help to citizens and partners who want to address these
problems. The department's Soil and Water Conservation Program
operates a cost-share program, which provides incentives for
landowners to install conservation practices that prevent or control
excessive erosion and protect water quality. Landowners can receive up
to 75 percent of the estimated cost of the approved practices they
install. Promoting good farming and forestry techniques keeps soil on
the fields and waters clean. The program helps conserve the
productivity of Missouri's working lands. This effort is funded
through the one-tenth cent Parks, Soils and Water sales tax.

The department also uses federal funds provided under Section 319(h)
of the federal Clean Water Act to support voluntary, watershed-based
efforts to reduce nonpoint sources of pollution.

In addition to the department's efforts, other agencies such as the
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Missouri
Department of Conservation as well as many non-profit groups,
organizations and partners offer resources to assist in reducing
nonpoint source pollution.

In the final analysis, keeping Our Missouri Waters clean requires
everyone's commitment and efforts. Because we want to leave the legacy
of a clean environment to the next generation, what we do now matters.


********


Managing Open Forests for Wildlife and Timber

FRANK R. THOMPSON III |  U.S. Forest Service Research Wildlife
Biologist
 JOHN KABRICK |  U.S. Forest Service Research Forester


Open woodland demonstrating excellent groundcover

Photo courtesy of Rich Guyette


An open woodland demonstrating excellent groundcover for wildlife
species and large-crowned trees for mast production.



Open forests, also referred to as woodlands and savannas, have more
open canopies and lower tree densities than closed canopy forests.
These transitional communities were once widespread and common
throughout the Midwest, but after European settlement, most were
either converted to other land uses or fire suppression resulted in
their succession to closed-canopy forests. Open forests require
periodic disturbance in the form of mechanical treatments such as tree
harvest or fire to maintain their open canopy, suppress invasion of
woody vegetation and sustain the herbaceous and shrubby ground cover.
There is great interest in managing for open forests in Missouri
because they have been greatly reduced in extent from being abundant
to becoming rare and because of their floristic and wildlife
diversity. Open forests can support a diverse array of wildlife
because they are transitional habitat types. They can include species
that overlap from forest or grassland habitats, are savanna or
woodland specialists or are generalists that occur across most of the
habitat gradient. Open forests can provide excellent habitat for game
species such as bobwhite quail, turkey and deer. The abundant ground
vegetation that develops in open forests provides seeds for adult
quail and turkeys, abundant insects for their chicks and browse for
deer. Open forests also provide habitat for numerous songbirds, some
of which are conservation priorities including the Blue-winged
warbler, Prairie warbler, Eastern towhee and Eastern Pewee. How open a
forest is will determine what specific species will benefit the most.
Species such as bobwhite quail, prairie warbler and blue-winged
warbler prefer open woodland and savanna with 10-50% canopy cover,
whereas species such as the eastern pewee and summer tanagers prefer
closed woodlands and forests with greater than 50% canopy cover. Deer
and turkey will use this whole gradient of habitats. Generally,
habitat conditions can best be met for these species by a combination
of tree harvest and prescribed fire as opposed to using only one of
these methods.

How open a condition you manage your forest for and the tools that you
use will also depend on non-wildlife objectives such as timber. Where
timber is also an important objective, thinning to remove the smallest
and least desirable trees in the midstory and understory and leaving
only the largest trees with full crowns will create stands with small
gaps in the overstory and an open understory. This will provide light
to the ground to stimulate the growth of the herbaceous plants and
will accelerate the growth rate of the remaining trees much like any
other timber stand improvement (TSI) practice. The application of
herbicide during the thinning will prevent the production of stump
sprouts, keeping the understory open longer. Prescribed fire can be
used judiciously to remove leaf litter and to periodically burn off
tree seedlings and shrubs in the understory. Care must be taken not to
damage the timber with prescribed fire by burning on calm days when
fuel moisture and relative humidity are high.

Where open woodland or savanna conditions are desired for wildlife,
tree removals can include some of the larger overstory trees that
ordinarily would be retained for timber production. Because the open
conditions will favor the development of a woody understory,
prescribed fire may need to be applied on a regular basis-once every
three to five years-to burn off the woody regrowth and maintain an
open understory. The combination of prescribed fire and open stand
condition will stimulate the growth of a diverse array of forbs and
grasses that are beneficial to wildlife species adapted to open
forests. For assistance with managing open forests, contact a
professional forester.


********


Pruning Young Shade Trees

By EUGENE L. BRUNK

Open woodland demonstrating excellent groundcover

This illustration provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation
depicts the general time frame for pruning young landscape trees.


As the twig is bent, so grows the tree. This admonition, originally
aimed at getting students started in the right direction with regard
to their education, also serves as the cardinal principle for pruning
trees. How you prune your tree during its first few years, will affect
its shape, strength, and life span. In addition, proper pruning will
save you money and give you safer, healthier, more beautiful, and
easier to maintain trees.

Most people tend to keep a closer eye on a newly planted tree than on
one that is well established. Sometimes this is a good thing, because
one can readily address any problems that might arise, which endanger
the young tree. However, a person must also be careful to avoid trying
to do too much to "help the tree along," which might also endanger it.
In general, it is best to step back and let the newly planted tree
establish itself and grow as much as possible during the first year.
Of course, it does need the basic protection from mowers, weed whips,
insect and disease attacks, etc. There is plenty of time to "bend the
twig" after the first year.

In general, you should leave as many branches as possible on a newly
planted tree during the first growing season. Remove them only if they
are broken. During all stages of the trees life, pruning should be
done as lightly as possible, and only when there is good reason to
prune. Never remove more than one-third of a trees crown in a season.
Remember, it is the leaves which generate the nutrients necessary for
good growth (through the photosynthetic process); so the less leaf
surface there is, the less food-generating ability the tree has, and
that equals less growth and development.

Keys to proper pruning are:
1.Prune early in the life of a tree, but don't start until the third
year or so, unless there are broken limbs or twigs that need removal
immediately.
2.Identify the best leader and lateral branches before you begin
pruning, and remove any defective parts before pruning to form.
3.Keep pruning tools sharp. A clean cut assures faster healing of the
pruning wound.

Prune with an eye to the future:
•Remember that a branch does not move up the trunk as a tree grows. A
branch 5 feet off the ground now will still be 5 feet off the ground
ten years from now - only thicker and longer than it is now.
•Try to visualize the future shape that is desired and prune limbs
that won't fit that shape.
•Remove branches that will cause an obvious problem in the future
(e.g., a double leader).
•Prune as lightly as possible, and only when there is good reason to
prune.
•Never remove more than one-third of a trees crown in one season.


********


Forest management assistance from the Natural Resources Conservation
Service

By NATE GOODRICH | NRCS, Mo. State Forester

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) provides
conservation technical assistance to land users to address
opportunities, concerns, and problems related to the use of the
natural resources and to help landowners make sound natural resource
management decisions.

The assistance can help landowners develop conservation plans to
improve forest health and wildlife habitat, enhance recreational
opportunities, protect and improve water quality and quantity, and
explore opportunities to diversify agricultural operations. Farm Bill
programs are available to landowners to provide financial assistance
to implement their conservation plan or forest management plan. Funds
are also available to landowners for the development of a forest
management plan which will serve as the road map for addressing
resource concerns on their forest land in the future.

Missouri NRCS currently has four forestry specialists that provide
technical assistance to woodland owners, but the assistance is limited
due to the number of counties that each covers. These foresters also
provide technical assistance to Farm Bill participants including
design, installation, and approval of forest and wildlife-related
conservation practices.

To find out about forest management technical assistance or Farm Bill
financial assistance for completing forest management activities on
your property, visit the Missouri NRCS website and click the "Contact
Us" link to find your local USDA Service Center:
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/mo/contact/


********


Thousand Cankers Disease in Missouri

Thousand Cankers Disease kills black walnut trees. Help watch for it
in Missouri. Missouri's Department of Conservation and Department of
Agriculture will once again be evaluating black walnut trees in
midsummer for symptoms of thousand cankers disease, which has not yet
been detected in Missouri.

How you can help:
•View photos of thousand cankers disease on black walnut at MU
Extension's TreePests website
(http://extension.missouri.edu/treepests/thousandcankers.aspx).
•Find information about other diseases that affect black walnuts.
•Use the online form to report black walnut trees with symptoms that
look like thousand cankers disease.
•Please do not take any samples because it could spread pests.


********


NRCS and Forest Service Partner, Provide Assistance for Forest Land in
Southern Missouri

The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), in partnership
with the U.S. Forest Service, is accepting applications for the
Missouri Ozark Highlands Restoration Partnership. The partnership will
provide $1.2 million to help landowners improve the health and
resiliency of forest ecosystems where the Mark Twain National Forest
and private lands meet in southern Missouri. This marks the second
year that NRCS and the Forest Service have partnered on this effort
and the first year that Missouri has been selected as a recipient of
funds.

Forest landowners in 27 Missouri counties are eligible to apply for
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) funds to develop and
implement forest management plans. The Forest Service will target
funds to the Mark Twain National Forest in an effort to remove
invasive species and improve water quality on the Eleven Point Ranger
District. Overall implementation of this project, on both private and
public lands, will reduce wildfire threats by advancing conservation
practices such as forest stand improvement, firebreaks, prescribed
burning and brush management.

Additionally, implementation will reduce sedimentation in surface
water and improve habitat for numerous threatened and endangered
species.

"The partnership with the U.S. Forest Service will provide significant
and immediate impact to forested areas in the Ozark Highlands," State
Conservationist J.R. Flores said. "Over the course of three years,
these EQIP funds will allow forest landowners to address priority
resource concerns including forest health, plant and water quality
degradation, fish and wildlife habitat and soil erosion."

NRCS accepts applications for financial assistance on a continuous
basis, but applications for initial funding consideration during this
fiscal year must be received by June 5. For a complete list of the 27
counties affected by the Missouri Ozark Highlands restoration
Partnership, visit the Missouri NRCS website. To locate an NRCS
service center near you, visit the "contact us" section of the
website, or look in the telephone directory under, "U.S. Government,
Department of Agriculture."


*******


The Bid Box

By HANK STELZER | MU Forestry Extension


COLE COUNTY, MO.
 38 acres
 378 mixed hardwoods

Doyle tree scale
used, 52,000 bd.ft.

•27,000 bd. ft. white oak,
 including 3,500 bd. ft. with
 potential stave quality
•15,400 bd. ft. red/black oak
•2,700 bd. ft. black walnut
•6,900 bd. ft. other mixed hardwood species


Forester valued sale: $13,500
 4 bids: $8,000 - over $22,000

Bid of $16,000 taken
 Return: $421/acre


The landowner had very specific goals and wishes regarding the
protection of his land. Prior to the bid opening, the forester met
with three of the bidders explaining the landowner's goals and wishes.
He showed the bidders proposed entrances to the property, access roads
and log landing areas. The fourth bidder was located several hours
away and did not view the timber before submitting his bid.

Of course, the high bid was from the logger who did not view the
timber. After several weeks and a few phone calls to the high bidder,
he still had not made an appointment to handle the contract and
eventually backed out on his bid.

Fortunately, the second highest bidder who had bid $16,000, was
located much closer (within 30 miles), had a very good reputation and
was someone the consulting forester had worked with in the past. The
forester arranged for the two parties to meet. Afterwards the
landowner seemed very comfortable with this buyer, they signed the
contract, and the landowner received payment for his trees a couple
weeks ago. The harvest is slated to begin later this summer.

The Take-home Message
 A professional forester is your advocate in harvesting your trees. He
or she will work with you to ensure your land management goals and
objectives are met. They take the hassle out of selling your timber by
working with prospective buyers and advising you when the highest bid
isn't all that it's cracked up to be!


*******


Grapevines - Are they good or bad?

By SCOTT BRUNDAGE | Consulting Forester
 By GENE GARRETT | Outreach Specialist

Grapevines can be a major problem in forest management on high quality
sites and, to a lesser extent, on poorer quality sites. Since
grapevines need sunlight, as do trees, to maximize their growth and
development, they rapidly climb through the trees' crown until they
reach the top. At this point they lay down a blanket of leaves that
serve to intercept sunlight that should go towards the production of
food for tree growth. Once established, grapevines can be found
growing throughout the trees' crown creating undesirable shade. This
shade results in a dramatic reduction in the growth of the tree.
Moreover, the sheer weight of the vines can cause physical damage
resulting in reducing a once potentially valuable tree to a cull that
is in need of removal. Breakage in the tops of larger trees and
bending and distortion of stems in smaller "pole size" trees are
especially prevalent under conditions that combine the weight of the
vines with high winds, snow, and ice.

Most professional foresters would argue that, due to the damage caused
by grapevines, they should be eliminated in managed stands. Wildlife
biologists, on the other hand, see them as a food source for wildlife
and might argue that a certain percentage of them should be retained.
So, what is right for a landowner? The answer lies in "the eyes of the
beholder"! If a landowner wishes to emphasize "aesthetics", then it
may be desirable to leave some vines to increase the diversity of food
available. However, it is important that the landowner understand the
problems created by the vines and the "tradeoffs" that will occur. Not
only will the grapevines cause physical damage to their host trees,
those trees will also lose their vigor which means, there will be a
sharp reduction in the production of their food crop (acorns, berries,
etc). While the diversity of food available on an acre may increase,
the quantity may actually decrease.

Regardless of the position one takes on the value of grapevines, there
is always an occasion where a grapevine is in need of removal. Simply
cutting the vine is ineffective and will only result in multiple
sprouts developing—where you once had a single vine you now have many
to contend with. The success in killing grapevines is found in the
timing and the application of an herbicide known to be effective.
Grapevines can be killed at any time during the year except between
about March and mid-May, a period when sap is actively flowing. The
flow of sap makes it very difficult for the herbicide to enter the
plant and be translocated to the root system. The vine should be
severed just above the ground. In many instances, a single vine may
have more than one rooted area and it is important that it be cut just
above each location where it enters and exits the soil. The herbicide
of choice should be applied directly to each cut surface immediately
after cutting. While there are undoubtedly many herbicides that can be
effectively used on grapevines, one that is often used and is known to
be effective and economical is Pathway (active ingredients Picloram
5.4% and 2,4-D 20.9 %) used in an undiluted concentration. Pathway is
identical to Tordon RTU."


*******


Agroforestry Academy registration has opened

Agroforesty Academy

The 2015 Agroforestry Academy will be held from July 20 - 24, 2015 in
Columbia, Mo. The week-long training includes classroom workshops,
on-farm visits and practical agroforestry planning and design, led by
experienced trainers. Advanced training is provided on the five
recognized temperate zone agroforestry practices integrated with
options for bioenergy, marketing, economics, policy, social dimensions
and environmental services. Full registration (including lodging, food
and local travel) is $1,000/person. There are limited scholarships
available for U.S. military veterans. For more information, contact
Michael Gold at goldm@missouri.edu or Gregory Ormsby Mori at
ormsbyg@missouri.edu.

Link for other details:
http://www.centerforagroforestry.org/events/AgroforestryAcademy.php

TRAINERS
 Experienced trainers will be drawn from the MU Center for
Agroforestry, USDA National Agroforestry Center, Extension and NRCS
agroforestry specialists, other selected experts from the U.S. and
Canada, farmer educators and agroforestry practitioners. The list
includes:
•Michael Gold, UMCA
•Larry Godsey, Missouri Valley
•Richard Straight, National Agroforestry Center
•Bruce Wight, Consultant
•Charlotte Clifford-Rathert, Lincoln University
•Terry Durham, Elderberry Producer
•Grant Schultz, Versaland


*******


Editorial Board

Mike Gold, Research
Prof., co-editor
MU Center for Agroforestry Gene Garrett, Emeritus Professor, co-editor
MU Center for Agroforestry Savannah Kannberg,
co-editor
MU Center for Agroforestry
----------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
Joe Alley, Resource Conservationist,
NRCS, MO SAF Scott Brundage, Consulting Forester Eugene L. Bank, MDC
Retiree
 
Donna Coble, Executive Director
Forest ReLeaf of Missouri Lynn Barnickol, Executive Director,
Missouri Consulting Foresters Association Shibu Jose, Professor,
Director,
MU Center for Agroforestry
Rebecca Landewe, Current River Project Manager,
The Nature Conservancy-Missouri Rick Merritt, chair,
Missouri Tree Farm Committee Dennis Potter, chair,
Missouri Walnut Council
Brian Schweiss,
MDC Private Land Forestry Programs Clell Solomon,
Mo. Christmas Tree Producers Association Hank Stelzer, Professor
MU Forestry Extension
Robert Stout,
Mo. Department of Natural Resources Kim Young, Vice President/General
Manager
Forrest Keeling Nursery Bob Ball, Woodland Landowner

Editorial Contributors


*******


Contact Green Horizons

Send story ideas, address
 changes and subscription requests
 for Green Horizons to:

Mike Gold, Gene Garrett
 Green Horizons
 University of Missouri
 203 ABNR
 Columbia, MO 65211
 email: goldm@missouri.edu | phone: (573) 884-1448
 email: garretth@missouri.edu | phone: (573) 882-3647

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work Acts of May 8 and
June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of
Agriculture. Dr. Michael Ouart, Vice Provost and Director, Cooperative
Extension, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. University of
Missouri Extension does not discriminate on the basis of race, color,
national origin, sex, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability or
status as a Vietnam era veteran in employment or programs. If you have
special needs as addressed by the Americans with Disabilities Act and
need this publication in an alternative format, write ADA Officer,
Extension and Agricultural Information, 1-98 Agriculture Building,
Columbia, MO 65211, or call (573) 882-7216. Reasonable efforts will be
made to accommodate your special needs.


*******


May 20 - 21, 2015- Agroforestry Workshop: Incorporating trees and
shrubs into contemporary agricultural systems, Topeka, Kansas. Email
Mary Howell (kfu.mary@gmail.com) or call 785.562.8726 for more
information and registration.

May 31 - June 3, 2015- North American Agroforestry Conference, Ames,
Iowa. - www.aftaweb.org

June 12 - 14, 2015- Chestnut Growers of America annual meeting,
Stockton, California. - www.chestnutgrowers.com/

June 14 - 17, 2015- National Walnut Council meeting, St. Charles, Mo.
- www.walnutcouncil.org/annualmeeting/

June 18 - 19, 2015- Elderberry Workshop, Carver Farm, Lincoln
University, Jefferson City, Mo. -
https://2015elderberryworkshop.wordpress.com/

July 20 - 24, 2015-Agroforestry Academy, Columbia, Mo. -
www.centerforagroforestry.org/events/ AgroforestryAcademy.php

July 26 - 29, 2015- 106th Annual Meeting of the Northern Nutgrowers
Associations (NNGA), University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse,
Wisconsin - www.nutgrowing.org/meetinfo.htm